Death of a Saleman; general Vision essays

Death of a Saleman; general Vision essays This modern American 20th Century play by Arthur Miller, presents us with a very pessimistic view of life, filled with the social realism concerning the plight of the modern man. In particularly this is promoted by the fake existence that is the American Dream. Willy believes that one who is well liked and personally attractive will deservedly acquire the comforts and success offered by modern American life. However these superficial qualities have to face against a more rewarding understanding of the American Dream supplied by the reality of hard work without complaint. This is in fact the real key to success and is demonstrated by Miller through the likes of Bernard. Willy has lost at trying to live the American Dream and the play can be viewed as commentary about society. Willy was someone who worked all his life by the machine of democracy and commercialism that is modern America, only to be then spit mercilessly out like a piece of fruit. He is lost in the past and constantly tormented with hopes and dreams he had years ago that have since fallen through. His flashbacks provide a fundamental structure and understanding of the play. It is his version of the American Dream, which causes his psychological decline, unwilling to accept the disparity between the American Dream and his own life. Miller seems to criticize the subject of capitalism. Life is seen as a competition where one must get ahead of the next fella and force yourself to conform to white-collar success. Afterall money defines success. Miller uses the jungle that Ben talks about as a metaphor of life. Its is the same jungle Willy talks about when he tells Happy; .... The woods are burning... Towards the end Willy talks of planting a garden. I think this is some sort of motif provided by Miller, the idea of leaving something behind. Willy has yearned to make a differe...

The 15 Most Loved, Read, and Shared Career Articles of 2015

The 15 Most Loved, Read, and Shared Career Articles of 2015 What a year! We have finally reached the final week of 2015. There are a lot of career advice and job seeking tips out there. But some career advice just stands above the rest. We have analyzed what our readers loved the most in 2015 and compiled this list of the most popular career advice to get you supercharged for the year ahead. 5 Clues That It’s Time to QuitHere are 5 tell-tale warning signs that may indicate it’s time for you to start job hunting. when you are ready,  browse over 498,547 new jobs on TheJobNetwork.Show Me The Money: 8 Good-Paying Part-Time JobsPart-time jobs are lucrative and plentiful, but finding them means knowing where to look. Here is a list of 8 good part time jobs to help you get started.How Not To Job Hunt: Tips from an Executive RecruiterA longtime recruiting professional knows what he looks for in an executive job seeker–and what he avoids.Top 9 Stress Relieving Activities at Work That’ll Keep You HappyEver wish a stress s uperhero could save you from chaotic meetings, fast approaching deadlines, never ending projects or traffic jams? Well, you can become your own stress-busting superhero. Here are some quick and easy stress relieving activities at work that will keep you happy and productive!4 Questions That Will Make You Rage QuitHere are four questions you should ask yourself when deciding if it’s time to cut bait and look for a new job.The 35 Highest Paying Jobs You Can Get Without a Bachelors DegreeNo Bachelors degree? No problem. Here is a list of 35 potential careers to consider. Some even come with a median salary of $122,530!10 Nursing Careers You Didn’t Know ExistedThe nursing field is one of the fastest growing in the country. As healthcare modernizes and expands from the ER into the app store, there are a number of new opportunities to look out for as you consider nursing or look to explore a new area of your career.8 Hilarious Truck Signs Spotted On the RoadTake a break! Her e are  some of the most hilarious truck signs spotted on the road.The 9 Worst Mistakes You Can Ever Make at WorkHere are some key mistakes to avoid if you want to remain at the top of your work game.Crush your Next Job Interview with These 12 QuestionsHaving appropriate questions to ask after your interview can be the determining factor on whether or not you get the job.8 Red Flags Employers See on Your ResumeRecruiters watch for certain items on a resume and, if you have any of those on yours, that might be the reason why you don’t hear back.4 Resume Best Practices for 2016To help you get started, here are some tips to get your resume ready to compete in the new year.6 Tips for Job Hunting While You’re Still EmployedLooking for a new job while still employed in another makes you more employable; however, it can backfire if your current employer finds out. Here are some great tips to help your job search while you are still employed.Why You Should Say ‘Thank Yo u’ Instead of ‘Sorry’Over apologizing can lead others to doubt you or lose confidence in your abilities. Here is a comic by Yao Xiao suggests  how using â€Å"thank you† instead of â€Å"sorry† can have a much different effect.Top 5 Reasons Why You Didn’t Get HiredWant to know some red flags that will make hiring managers toss your resume to the bottom of the pile? Here is a list of top 5 deal breakers.SEE ALSO:Trending Career Articles for Healthcare ProfessionalsTop 20 Job Seeking Tips for Office and Admin ProfessionalsEverything You Need to Know to Get  a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL)

Reading Interaction Jurnal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reading Interaction Jurnal - Essay Example For instance, in India a guru or a wise man is a revered person with followers comprising mostly the young people. Additionally, the path set by gurus is full of respect because it assists in the search for wisdom. On that note, before attempting to become a guru, one should understand the underlying implications such as doubt and preparation instead of harboring skepticism and doubt. This implies that a critical mind is fundamental in developing a philosophical approach. This affirms that critical thinking is crucial in various spheres of life ranging from economics, social issues and for democracies. Unfortunately, even in situations where freethinkers exist, tyrants and dictators make it hard for such minds to thrive. Critical thinkers, according to the author, were even accepted in the ancient times but this does not permit a person to develop superior complex habits. The mind should only be used for comprehending philosophy. In the next chapter, there is the urgency to understan d the meaning of words. This includes making assessment on one’s personal development before entering a philosophy class. Accordingly, philosophy being a mysterious subject, it is imperative for the learner to draw examples from multiple facets of life such as listening to the prime minister on the radio. Contrastingly, origins of philosophy can be traced to Greece and science hence its mythical status. Philosophy is also attached with the love of gaining wisdom or knowledge and should follow the ancient Greek customs. In the same trajectory, associating historical monuments with great philosophers such as Nietzsche, Kant and Descartes exposes philosophy as a broader subject. It, therefore, implies that approaching philosophy is a tough act unlike visiting a monument. Similarly, philosophical traditions espouse values and ideas that encompass quoting people such as Moliere, Aristotle and Plato. Overcoming large words is another obstacle afflicting many people who are interest ed in learning philosophy. This requires complete patience and mastery of important jargons to attain the possibilities. When it comes to trying out philosophy, it is not recommended with cafes. As noted in chapter 6, disagreements erupting from such settings may prevent people from distinguishing between what is good and bad. Conversations that are lively between friends often degenerate into strong exchanges that lack substance. Philosophy may become an emotive subject especially if it attacks figures such as Andy Warhol without considering the existing concepts that define philosophy. It is thus advisable to assess the reasons behind any argument before delving into any exchanges. However, in the scene of Socrates and Hippias, the two characters are competing in terms of brilliance and sophistry. Socrates, for example, is a man who is focused on modesty in order to understand others such when he meets a certain braggart. This demonstrates a complicated problem where he tends to a ct to fit in an evolving society. Hippias, on the other hand, attempts the value of appropriateness but fails because he does not have a higher critical thinking as shown by Socrates. Conversely, there is a difficulty with Plato as a philosopher who writes subtle dialogues and complex narratives that attempts to connect harmony and coherence in life. On that perspective, it differs from Socratic dialogue that has a direction in the

Response to Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Response to Intervention - Essay Example The case study shows how response to intervention might work in preschools. Possible advantages, problem areas, and practice implications are discussed. The promise of a response to intervention (RTI) framework stems from its focus on prevention, empirically based and sequentially designed interventions, progress monitoring, and data-based decision making. Prevention is used in two ways: (a) long-term prevention of risk and (b) specific prevention of challenging behaviors through instructional and antecedent environmental interventions (e.g., Neilsen & McEvoy, 2004). Building on discussions of RTI as a broad-spectrum model (e.g., Batsche et al., 2005), one that encompasses variables to reduce social and academic risks, this article presents RTI as a potential method of answering preschool service delivery questions. Following a presentation of a context for challenging behaviors and a RTI model that includes strategies for addressing early risk indicators, a case study demonstrates its application in a Head Start setting. Advantages, challenges, and role implications are discussed. In the present use, challenging refers to inappropriate, disturbing, or harmful behaviors that might be pervasive social excesses or deficits, situational disturbances, low activity engagement, and episodic crises. Extreme challenges have included highly aggressive children with other characteristics such as minimal language and behaviors such as elopement (e.g., Tarbox, Wallace, & Williams, 2003). Most evident has been the amount of child risk, need for family support, and the deleterious effects on classrooms (e.g., Carr, Taylor, & Robinson, 1991). In the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEIA 04; IDEIA, 2004), these early challenges are variously referred to as emotional and behavior problems that might lead to serious emotional disturbance, possible characteristics of autism spectrum disorders, or inappropriate behaviors of children described as disabled that might require positive behavior interventions and supports. Internalizing, externalizing, or psychiatric classifications may be used. RTI provides a functional classification system that fits the challenges of young children and that may avoid inappropriate labeling (Barnett, Bell, Gilkey et al., 1999). Prevalence estimates for behavioral challenges show rates as high as 7-25% in preschool populations, with higher estimates in high-risk populations (e.g., Feil, Walker, Severson, & Ball, 2000; Qi & Kaiser, 2003). Waiting for children who are at risk to begin schooling is late for prevention and intervention as considerable research links early challenges to later serious problems of adjustment (e.g., Campbell, Pierce, March, Ewing, & Szumowski, 1994). RTI in Preschools and Head Start Foundations exist for RTI components in preschools, including systemswide early intervention, positive supports, and problem solving (IDEIA 04; Prasse, 2006). RTI principles might be applied generally in early childhood, but here we focus on a Head Start program because these programs serve children and families

Essay on Mobile Revolution Essay Example for Free

Essay on Mobile Revolution Essay Mobiles are no more a luxury or a life style product. Mobile phones, which were one of the beautiful possessions of anybody not until a decade ago, have now become a necessity to the common man. The entry of private service providers with CTMA, GSM and of course, 3G technologies has changed the Communication sector in India beyond imagination. Many new competitors have entered the mobile market resulting in reduction of the STD rates and Local call rates. Plans are also on anvil to enable mobile users to switch over to other service providers without changing their number, also called Mobile Number Portability (MNP). The mobile users in India have increased tremendously during the last decade. Youth, both in rural and urban India, have welcomed and accepted mobiles with open hands. The decrease in call rates can be imagined from the fact that it cost around? 16 per minute when mobiles were introduced in India and today it costs as little as 1 paisa per 2 seconds offered by companies like MTS. Even the size of mobile phones has changed to an unimaginable level. They have become very handy today compared to their walkie-talkie resemblance when they were introduced. The immense benefit offered by a mobile has triggered this revolution. With a mobile phone in hand, one can be available round the clock, and can get the up-to-date information on anything. The availability of internet on mobile phones has increased its utility tremendously. It has made mobile phones, to an extent, an essential item for carrying out a business transaction. The facility of sending short messages or pictures enables a person to send the message across without actually bothering to disturb the other person. For traders, it helps them get the price details of any products without even bringing the products to the market. The introduction of mobile banking helps people carry their bank in their mobile. Some people even carry their office in their mobile phones. However, mobile phones also have some demerits as they can be used to detonate bombs. Some instruments which have cameras in them can be used for taking unnecessary photographs. Constant use of mobile phones may create health problems and increase risk of accidents on road. In spite of these demerits, mobile phones are becoming popular day-by-day as their advantages fairly outweigh the demerits. In fact, the mobile revolution has occurred very fast in India. This symbolizes the countrys transformation from an inward looking tentative nature to a confident and resurgent global economic power. The mobile phone service providers have also increased manifold during the years. Some of the important market players are: Aircel, Airtel, BSNL, MTNL, Idea Cellular, Tata Indicom, Tata DoCoMo, Reliance Communications, Virgin Mobile, Vodafone, Videocon Telecommunications, MTS India and Spice Telecom. Even in rural India, mobile phone has brought a tremendous change to rural telephony, marginalizing the middlemen and empowering women, strengthened by the formation of self-help groups. It has vastly improved access to information and helped in the explosive growth in connectivity. Even at sea, fishermen in Kerala use the mobiles to keep track of rates for their catch in the market. The improvement in infrastructure and support from the Government has acted as a catalyst for mobiles to make tremendous inroads into rural India. The role of mobile telephones are varied, in that, they help assess the market information, coordinate travel and transport, manage remote activities and increase the remunerative working days. As a result, the rural marketing scenario has also undergone a change. Today, the rural consumer is better informed and price conscious. The total mobile penetration is increasing at a quick pace with companies like Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Reliance Communications, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, Tata Teleservices, etc. aving unveiled big network expansion plans and innovative marketing strategies specially tailored region-wise. Some of these companies are using a door-to-door marketing strategy in villages and B and C category census towns. They are involving members of gram panchayats and trained market-feelers to make residents aware of the usefulness of mobile telephony and how the system of pre-paid refills work. Handset manufacturers too are gearing up with Nokia incorporating nine Indian languages on certain handsets to promote sales. Value-for- money handsets priced between 1,000 and 1,400 with a plethora of tariff plans to choose from is also one of the reasons for driving subscription growth in these regions. Handsets are being imported in bulk by some service providers. It is expected that voice short messaging service will become a focus area in future, especially in rural areas and service providers are already planning implementation of the same. The pace at which mobile revolution has occurred in India can be attributed to the easy to understand operations. For an illiterate, mobiles phones were so easy to operate that they needed to understand only two buttons the green button for answering a call and the red button for disconnecting a call. Everything else can be learnt with usage and passage of time. Even today, most of the mobiles are used on this two button principle, which makes it a popular device. Gone are the days when people use to queue up before a Public Call Office (PCO) and wait their turn for an hour, only to end up without connectivity. Mobile phones have also removed the necessity to remember telephone numbers of other people. In-built phone books in the instruments enable a person to call the other person, without ever having to remember the other persons number. Actually, mobile phones have become an all-in-one tool in the pocket, which has replaced even the old pocket diary. It is also slowly replacing purse, with the introduction of mobile transactions. No wonder, life without mobile phones have become unimaginable and unthinkable to many.

Silver’s Remaking Eden and the Silver Screen Essay -- Lee M. Silver

Silver’s Remaking Eden and the Silver Screen In Remaking Eden, Lee M. Silver asks three central questions: Who controls life? What counts as life? And what will human life look like in the future? The question Silver does not ask is whether or not human life as we now know and define it will change. Silver sees the advance of genetic engineering as inevitable, due to consumer demand for it as a technology and the unrelenting curiosity of scientists. Power resides in science, according to Silver, and that power is â€Å"enormous.† In the closing chapter to Remaking Eden, entitled â€Å"Tomorrow’s Children,† he recounts how â€Å"a single eccentric scientist named Kary Mullis† obliterated all â€Å"preconceived notions of scientific limitations† with his invention of the Polymerase Chain Reaction or â€Å"PCR† (240). As Silver describes it: More than any other technique invented during the twentieth century, PCR has changed the course of the biological and medical sciences. In addition to the enormous power that it added to gene discovery and analysis . . . PCR has made it possible to obtain rapid genetic profiles not only on humans but other animals and plants as well, with an enormous impact on both agriculture and environmental science. PCR has also had an enormous impact on forensics with its power to provide genetic profiles on even single hairs left behind at the scene of a crime. And PCR has provided us with the ability to look back into the past, to demonstrate that skeletons found buried in an isolated Siberian town really did belong to the last Russian Czar and his family, and much further back to derive genetic profiles on insects and plants that have been extinct for millions of years [emphases added]. (241) For all his sc... ...st 2005 . Kakmi, Dmetri. â€Å"The Mystery of Being in Gattaca.† Australian Screen Education 35 (2004): 88-90. Communications and Mass Media Complete. EBSCO Databases DuBois Library, UMass Amherst. 12 August 2005 . Lemonick, Michael D. â€Å"Cloning Classics.† Time 8 Nov. 1993: 70. Expanded Academic ASAP. InfoTrac. DuBois Library, UMass Amherst. 12 August 2005 . Silver, Lee M. Remaking Eden: How Genetic Engineering and Cloning Will Transform the American Family. 1997. New York: Perennial-Harper, 2002. Vergano, Dan, and Susan Wloszczyna. â€Å"Genetics Take Starring Role on Silver Screen.† USA Today 17 June 2002. 12 August 2005 genetics-movies.htm>.

Queuing Theory

Waiting Line Models ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The Structure of a Waiting Line System Queuing Systems Queuing System Input Characteristics Queuing System Operating Characteristics Analytical Formulas Single-Channel Waiting Line Model with Poisson Arrivals and Exponential Service Times Multiple-Channel Waiting Line Model with Poisson Arrivals and Exponential Service Times Economic Analysis of Waiting Lines Slide 1 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? ? Queuing theory is the study of waiting lines. Four characteristics of a queuing system are: †¢the manner in which customers arrive †¢the time required for service the priority determining the order of service †¢the number and configuration of servers in the system. Slide 2 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? ? Distribution of Arrivals †¢Generally, the arrival of customers into the system is a random event. †¢Frequently the arrival pattern is modeled as a Poisson process. Distribution of Service Times †¢Service time i s also usually a random variable. †¢A distribution commonly used to describe service time is the exponential distribution. Slide 3 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? Queue Discipline †¢Most common queue discipline is first come, first served (FCFS). An elevator is an example of last come, first served (LCFS) queue discipline. †¢Other disciplines assign priorities to the waiting units and then serve the unit with the highest priority first. Slide 4 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? Single Service Channel Customer arrives ? Waiting line Multiple Service Channels System S1 Customer leaves System S1 Customer arrives Waiting line S2 Customer leaves S3 Slide 5 Examples of Internal Service Systems That Are Queueing Systems Type of System Customers Server(s) Secretarial services Employees Secretary Copying services Employees Copy machine Computer programming servicesEmployees Programmer Mainframe computer Employees Computer First-aid center Employees Nurse Faxing service s Employees Fax machine Materials-handling system Loads Materials-handling unit Maintenance system Machines Repair crew Inspection station Items Inspector Production system Jobs Machine Semiautomatic machines Machines Operator Tool crib Machine Clerk Slide 6 Examples of Transportation Service Systems That Are Queueing Systems Type of System Customers Server(s) Highway tollbooth Cars Cashier Truck loading dock Trucks Loading crew Port unloading area Ships Unloading crew Airplanes waiting to take off Airplanes RunwayAirplanes waiting to land Airplanes Runway Airline service People Airplane Taxicab service People Taxicab Elevator service People Elevator Fire department Fires Fire truck Parking lot Cars Parking space Ambulance service People Ambulance Slide 7 Queuing Systems ? ? ? ? A three part code of the form A/B/k is used to describe various queuing systems. A identifies the arrival distribution, B the service (departure) distribution and k the number of channels for the system. Sym bols used for the arrival and service processes are: M – Markov distributions (Poisson/exponential), D – Deterministic (constant) and G – General istribution (with a known mean and variance). For example, M/M/k refers to a system in which arrivals occur according to a Poisson distribution, service times follow an exponential distribution and there are k servers working at identical service rates. Slide 8 Queuing System Input Characteristics = 1/? =  µ= 1/ µ = = the average arrival rate the average time between arrivals the average service rate for each server the average service time the standard deviation of the service time Slide 9 Queuing System Operating Characteristics P0 = Pn = Pw = Lq = probability the service facility is idle robability of n units in the system probability an arriving unit must wait for service average number of units in the queue awaiting service L = average number of units in the system Wq = average time a unit spends in the queu e awaiting service W = average time a unit spends in the system Slide 10 Analytical Formulas ? ? For nearly all queuing systems, there is a relationship between the average time a unit spends in the system or queue and the average number of units in the system or queue. These relationships, known as Little's flow equations are: L = ? W and Lq = ? Wq Slide 11 Analytical Formulas ? ?When the queue discipline is FCFS, analytical formulas have been derived for several different queuing models including the following: †¢M/M/1 †¢M/M/k †¢M/G/1 †¢M/G/k with blocked customers cleared †¢M/M/1 with a finite calling population Analytical formulas are not available for all possible queuing systems. In this event, insights may be gained through a simulation of the system. Slide 12 M/M/1 Queuing System ? ? ? ? ? ? Single channel Poisson arrival-rate distribution Exponential service-time distribution Unlimited maximum queue length Infinite calling population Examples: †¢Single-window theatre ticket sales booth Single-scanner airport security station Slide 13 Notation for Single-Server Queueing Models ? ? = Mean arrival rate for customers = Expected number of arrivals per unit time 1/? = expected interarrival time ? m = Mean service rate (for a continuously busy server) = Expected number of service completions per unit time 1/m = expected service time ? r = the utilization factor = the average fraction of time that a server is busy serving customers = /? m Slide 14 ? Assumptions 1. Interarrival times have an exponential distribution with a mean of 1/?. 2. Service times have an exponential distribution with a ean of 1/m. 3. The queueing system has one server. †¢ The expected number of customers in the system is L = r? /? (1 –? r) = /? (m? – ? )? †¢ The expected waiting time in the system is W = (1 / ? )L = 1 / (m – ? ) †¢ The expected waiting time in the queue is Wq = W – 1/m = ? / [m(m – ? )] â⠂¬ ¢ The expected number of customers in the queue is Lq = ? Wq = ? 2 / [m(m – ? )] = r2 / (1 – r) Slide 15 ? The probability of having exactly n customers in the system is Pn = (1 – r)rn Thus, P0 = 1 – r P1 = (1 – r)r P2 = (1 – r)r2 : : ? The probability that the waiting time in the system exceeds t is P(W ; t) = e–m(1–r)t for t ? ? The probability that the waiting time in the queue exceeds t is P(Wq ; t) = re–m(1–r)t for t ? 0 Slide 16 Problem: ? Consider the situation where the mean arrival rate is one customer every 4 minutes and the mean service time is 2. 5 minutes. Calculate the following †¢Average no. of customer in the system †¢Average queue length †¢Average time a customer spends in the system †¢Average time a customer waits before being served. Slide 17 Problem: ? ? ? Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be Poisson, with an average time of 10 minutes between one arrival an d the next. The length of a phone call is ssumed to be exponentially distributed with mean 3 minutes. What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to wait? The telephone department will install a second booth when convinced that an arrival would expect to have to wait at least three minutes for the phone. By how much must the flow of arrivals be increased in order to justify a second booth? Slide 18 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? M/M/1 Queuing System Joe Ferris is a stock trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange for the firm of Smith, Jones, Johnson, and Thomas, Inc. Stock transactions arrive at a mean rate of 20 per hour.Each order received by Joe requires an average of two minutes to process. Orders arrive at a mean rate of 20 per hour or one order every 3 minutes. Therefore, in a 15 minute interval the average number of orders arriving will be ? = 15/3 = 5. Slide 19 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Arrival Rate Distribution Question What is the probability that no orders are received within a 15-minute period? Answer P (x = 0) = (50e -5)/0! = e -5 = .0067 Slide 20 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Arrival Rate Distribution Question What is the probability that exactly 3 orders are received within a 15-minute period? Answer P (x = 3) = (53e -5)/3! 125(. 0067)/6 = . 1396 Slide 21 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Arrival Rate Distribution Question What is the probability that more than 6 orders arrive within a 15-minute period? Answer P (x ; 6) = 1 – P (x = 0) – P (x = 1) – P (x = 2) – P (x = 3) – P (x = 4) – P (x = 5) – P (x = 6) = 1 – . 762 = . 238 Slide 22 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Rate Distribution Question What is the mean service rate per hour? Answer Since Joe Ferris can process an order in an average time of 2 minutes (= 2/60 hr. ), then the mean service rate,  µ, is  µ = 1/(mean service time), or 60/2. m = 30/hr. Slide 23 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ?Service Time Distribution Ques tion What percentage of the orders will take less than one minute to process? Answer Since the units are expressed in hours, P (T ; 1 minute) = P (T ; 1/60 hour). Using the exponential distribution, P (T ; t ) = 1 – e- µt. Hence, P (T ; 1/60) = 1 – e-30(1/60) = 1 – . 6065 = . 3935 = 39. 35% Slide 24 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Time Distribution Question What percentage of the orders will be processed in exactly 3 minutes? Answer Since the exponential distribution is a continuous distribution, the probability a service time exactly equals any specific value is 0 . Slide 25Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Time Distribution Question What percentage of the orders will require more than 3 minutes to process? Answer The percentage of orders requiring more than 3 minutes to process is: P (T ; 3/60) = e-30(3/60) = e -1. 5 = . 2231 = 22. 31% Slide 26 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Average Time in the System Question What is the average time an order must wait from th e time Joe receives the order until it is finished being processed (i. e. its turnaround time)? Answer This is an M/M/1 queue with ? = 20 per hour and m = 30 per hour. The average time an order waits in the system is: W = 1/( µ – ? ) 1/(30 – 20) = 1/10 hour or 6 minutes Slide 27 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Average Length of Queue Question What is the average number of orders Joe has waiting to be processed? Answer Average number of orders waiting in the queue is: Lq = ? 2/[ µ( µ – ? )] = (20)2/[(30)(30-20)] = 400/300 = 4/3 Slide 28 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Utilization Factor Question What percentage of the time is Joe processing orders? Answer The percentage of time Joe is processing orders is equivalent to the utilization factor, ? /m. Thus, the percentage of time he is processing orders is: ?/m = 20/30 = 2/3 or 66. 67% Slide 29 Example: SJJT, Inc. A) Solution ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Poisson Arrival Rate Exponential Service Rate Operating Character istics Probability of no orders in system Average number of orders waiting Average number of orders in system Average time an order waits Average time an order is in system Probability an order must wait G ? m H 20 30 Po Lg L Wq W Pw 0. 333 1. 333 2. 000 0. 067 0. 100 0. 667 Slide 30 M/M/k Queuing System ? ? ? ? ? ? Multiple channels (with one central waiting line) Poisson arrival-rate distribution Exponential service-time distribution Unlimited maximum queue length Infinite calling population Examples: Four-teller transaction counter in bank †¢Two-clerk returns counter in retail store Slide 31 1 ? P? n ? m ? P0 , for (n ? k) ? n! ? ? n ? ? m ? P0 , for (n ? k) ? ? ? 1 n k ? 1 1 km ? ? ? ? n! ? m ? ? k! ? m ? km ? ? ? ? ? 1 ? k! k n ? k P? 0 P w ? n ? k ? 1 ? n ? 0 ? n 1 ? ? P(n ? k ) ? ?m? ? k! ? ? k km P0 , km ? ? k ?m ? ? m ? ? ? ? ? ? L? P0 ? 2 m (k ? 1)! (km ? ? ) W? L ? , Lq ? ,r ? km Lq ? 1 ? L? , Wq ? W ? ? m m ? Slide 32 General Operating Characteristics Little' s F low Equations : L (or W ? ) ? Lq (or Wq ? ) ? L ? ?W L q ? ?Wq W ? Wq ? 1 m Slide 33 Problem: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?A Tax consulting firm has four service stations (counters) in its office to receive people who have problems and complaints about their income, wealth and sales taxes. Arrivals average 80 persons in an 8 hour service day. Each tax advisor spends irregular amount of time servicing the arrivals which have been found to have an exponential distribution. The average service time is 20 minutes. Calculate the average no. of customers in the system, average no. of customers waiting to be serviced, average time a customer spend in the system, average waiting time for a customer in queue. Calculate how many hours each week does a tax advisor spend erforming his job? What is the probability that a customer has to wait before he gets service? What is the expected no. of idle tax advisors at any specified time? Slide 34 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? M/M/2 Queuing System Smith, Jones, Joh nson, and Thomas, Inc. has begun a major advertising campaign which it believes will increase its business 50%. To handle the increased volume, the company has hired an additional floor trader, Fred Hanson, who works at the same speed as Joe Ferris. Note that the new arrival rate of orders, ? , is 50% higher than that of problem (A). Thus, ? = 1. 5(20) = 30 per hour. Slide 35Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Sufficient Service Rate Question Why will Joe Ferris alone not be able to handle the increase in orders? Answer Since Joe Ferris processes orders at a mean rate of  µ = 30 per hour, then ? =  µ = 30 and the utilization factor is 1. This implies the queue of orders will grow infinitely large. Hence, Joe alone cannot handle this increase in demand. Slide 36 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Probability of n Units in System Question What is the probability that neither Joe nor Fred will be working on an order at any point in time? Slide 37 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Probability of n Units in Sy stem (continued)Answer Given that ? = 30,  µ = 30, k = 2 and (? / µ) = 1, the probability that neither Joe nor Fred will be working is: 1 P0 ? k ? 1 ( ? / m )n (? / m ) k km ? ( ) ? n! k! km ? ? n? 0 = 1/[(1 + (1/1! )(30/30)1] + [(1/2! )(1)2][2(30)/(2(30)-30)] = 1/(1 + 1 + 1) = 1/3 = .333 Slide 38 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Average Time in System Question What is the average turnaround time for an order with both Joe and Fred working? Slide 39 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Average Time in System (continued) Answer The average turnaround time is the average waiting time in the system, W. Lq = ? µ(? / µ)k (k-1)! (k µ – ? )2 P0 = (30)(30)(30/30)2 (1! ((2)(30)-30))2 (1/3) = 1/3 L = Lq + (? / µ) = 1/3 + (30/30) = 4/3 W = L/ (4/3)/30 = 4/90 hr. = 2. 67 min. Slide 40 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Average Length of Queue Question What is the average number of orders waiting to be filled with both Joe and Fred working? Answer The average number of orders waiting to be filled is Lq. This was calculated earlier as 1/3 . Slide 41 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Formula Spreadsheet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B C D E F Number of Channels Mean Arrival Rate (Poisson) Mean Service Rate (Exponential ) Operating Characteristics Probability of no orders in system Average number of orders waitingAverage number of orders in system Average time (hrs) an order waits Average time (hrs) an order is in system Probability an order must wait G k ? m H 2 30 30 Po =Po(H1,H2,H3) Lg ## L =H6+H2/H3 Wq =H6/H2 W =H8+1/H3 Pw =H2/H3 Slide 42 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Spreadsheet Solution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B C D E F Number of Channels Mean Arrival Rate (Poisson) Mean Service Rate (Exponential ) Operating Characteristics Probability of no orders in system Average number of orders waiting Average number of orders in system Average time (hrs) an order waits Average time (hrs) an order is in system Probability an order must waitG k ? m H 2 30 30 Po Lg L Wq W Pw 0. 333 0. 333 1. 333 0. 011 0. 044 1 . 000 Slide 43 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Economic Analysis of Queuing Systems The advertising campaign of Smith, Jones, Johnson and Thomas, Inc. (see problems (A) and (B)) was so successful that business actually doubled. The mean rate of stock orders arriving at the exchange is now 40 per hour and the company must decide how many floor traders to employ. Each floor trader hired can process an order in an average time of 2 minutes. Slide 44 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Economic Analysis of Queuing Systems Based on a number of factors the brokerage firm as determined the average waiting cost per minute for an order to be $. 50. Floor traders hired will earn $20 per hour in wages and benefits. Using this information compare the total hourly cost of hiring 2 traders with that of hiring 3 traders. Slide 45 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Economic Analysis of Waiting Lines Total Hourly Cost = (Total salary cost per hour) + (Total hourly cost for orders in the system) = ($20 per trader per hour) x (Number of traders) + ($30 waiting cost per hour) x (Average number of orders in the system) = 20k + 30L. Thus, L must be determined for k = 2 traders and for k = 3 traders with ? = 40/hr. nd m = 30/hr. (since the average service time is 2 minutes (1/30 hr. ). Slide 46 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Two Servers P0 ? 1 k ? 1 (? ? n? 0 / m )n ( ? / m ) k km ? ( ) n! k! km ? ? P0 = 1 / [1+(1/1! )(40/30)]+[(1/2! )(40/30)2(60/(60-40))] = 1 / [1 + (4/3) + (8/3)] = 1/5 Slide 47 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Two Servers (continued) Thus, Lq = ? µ(? / µ)k (k-1)! (k µ -? )2 P0 = (40)(30)(40/30)2 1! (60-40)2 (1/5) = 16/15 L = Lq + (? / µ) = 16/15 + 4/3 = 12/5 Total Cost = (20)(2) + 30(12/5) = $112. 00 per hour Slide 48 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Three Servers P0 ? 1 k ? 1 (? ? n? 0 / m )n ( ? / m ) k km ( ) n! k! km ? ? P0 = 1/[[1+(1/1! )(40/30)+(1/2! )(40/30)2]+ [(1/3! )(40/30)3(90/(90-40))] ] = 1 / [1 + 4/3 + 8/9 + 32/45] = 15/59 Slide 49 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Three Servers (continued) (30)(40)(40/30)3 Hence, Lq = (15/59) = 128/885 = . 1446 (2! )(3(30)-40)2 Thus, L = 128/885 + 40/30 = 1308/885 (= 1. 4780) Total Cost = (20)(3) + 30(1308/885) = $104. 35 per hour Slide 50 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? System Cost Comparison 2 Traders 3 Traders Wage Cost/Hr $40. 00 60. 00 Waiting Cost/Hr $82. 00 44. 35 Total Cost/Hr $112. 00 104. 35 Thus, the cost of having 3 traders is less than that of 2 traders. Slide 51

Class Perceptions on Personal Choice

Have we ever thought of what governs us when we make a choice? Are we ruled by certain cultural or ethnic perspectives, or do we value our feelings toward the person, who is expected to accompany us through joys and sorrows for the rest of our lives? Very often, cultural and class perceptions play the predominant role, when we make a romantic choice.In his novel A Room with a View, E.M. Forster ironically depicts the increasing conflict between the real and the pretended and the impact, which class and social prejudice may have on what we call â€Å"true passion†. A Room with a View is an ironic depiction of the social narrow-sightedness and the lack of sincere spontaneous response to the feelings, which may change under the pressure of artificial class and cultural views of the conservative society.Literature critics of the post-war period emphasize the growing level of British cultural self-consciousness that has gradually turned into a misrepresented set of class and cultur al perceptions. â€Å"With the post-1945 decline of Britain as an economic, political, and military power, its international standing as well as its own sense of national identity have been increasingly determined on the level of cultural production† (Freedman 79).Forster’s novel suggests that with time, this cultural consciousness has transformed into cultural and class prejudices that falsely positioned England as the predominant source of cultural trends in Europe. In this context, Forster’s Lucy reveals the hidden facets of English cultural perceptions.Lucy’s character reflects the growing gap between her inner promptings to love and the external social pressures that tell her what she is expected to tell or to do. Lucy â€Å"was accustomed to having her thoughts confirmed by others†¦ it was too dreadful not to know whether the was thinking right or wrong† (Forster), and even when she is prepared to take the single and the most appropriate decision, the distorted English visions of culture and class raise her doubts as for what she has to do.Forster uses Italy as the mirror and the prism for evaluating the negative potential of cultural and class perceptions in the then England. The battle for a room with a view is actually the battle for nothing, because a room with a view will never offer any benefits to a person, who is too blind to see anything behind the window. Lucy’s battle over her happiness is very close to the situation, where the blind is persuaded that the room with a view is much better than the room without the one. â€Å"How do you like this view of ours, Mr. Emerson? – I never notice much difference in views.– What do you mean? – Because they’re all alike. Because all that matters in them is distance and air† (Forster). In the same manner, Lucy is coming to the realization that her relations with Cecil are nothing but an empty combination of the social prejudi ce and the decision that was imposed on her by the norms and traditions of her surrounding. â€Å"As Forster’s narrative unfolds, it becomes clear that there must be something wrong with ‘development’ in a code of behavior which can mistake delicacy for beauty, while treating frank talk about baths and stomachs as indecent, and kisses as insults† (Taque 94).This cultural and class blindness and the fight for a better view are the central themes that accompany Lucy in her long journey to personal revelation. She is stifled by the air of indifference toward her feelings and desires; she is confronted by the need to follow the imposed behavioral code that evidently does not satisfy her inner strivings to be happy. Italy and the Italians open her eyes on the realities of her drastic existence within the narrow space of the social and class prejudice.When she hears Mr. Beebe’s remark that â€Å"Italians are a most unpleasant people. They pry everywhere, they see everything, and they know what we want before we know it ourselves. We are at their mercy† (Forster), she has nothing but to conclude, that her life and her future are at the mercy of the socially blind norms, which govern her choice.For once, Lucy has to pause and rethink everything that was going through her mind and her soul. George leads her to re-considering her values. She is overfilled with emotion: â€Å"some emotion – pity, terror, love, but the emotion was strong – seized her, and she was aware of autumn. Summer was ending, and the evening brought her odours of decay, the more pathetic because they were reminiscent of spring.That something or other mattered intellectually?† (Forster). A bright literary parallel between the English cultural norms and the odours of decay suggests that if Lucy fails to defend her right to choose, she will be doomed to spend the rest of her life in the pressuring atmosphere without any hope for moral and sp iritual resurrection.Mr. Emerson is correct stating that â€Å"we need a little directness to liberate the soul† (Forster); Lucy is searching some free space where she will be protected from the strong winds of English cultural and class perceptions. She wants to be free to express her feelings without a fear of being condemned. Ultimately, she has the right for spontaneous feeling without any tint of reason, which conservative England is so actively imposing on her.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Social Security Disability

Rheumatoid Arthritis Social Security Disability Nearly A Third of Workers with Rheumatoid Arthritis Stop Working Five Years After Diagnosis According to a study, approximately one-third of people who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis were forced to quit their jobs within five years of being diagnosed.Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects nearly 1.3 million Americans. Symptoms of the disease include joint stiffness and swollen joints and severe pain. Rheumatoid arthritis can also affect other areas of the body, and may cause impaired vision, lung inflammation, organ damage and low red blood cell counts.The painful symptoms of the disease and negative side effects of medication can make it incredibly difficult to focus, complete everyday tasks and be productive at work. Unfortunately, this is why many who are diagnosed and want to continue to work can no longer do so because the pain is extreme.1 in 5 people who are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis stop working after two years of being diagnosed1 in 3 people who are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis stop working after five years of being di agnosedIf you are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, you may be eligible for Social Security Disability benefits. In order to qualify, you must have medical evidence documenting your condition. It should be expected to last for at least a year, and your symptoms must prevent you from working at your current job. After reviewing your condition, Disability Determination Services must also decide you cannot perform any other type of work.The application process can be overwhelming, and one mistake could result in your application being denied. You must present evidence that your condition is debilitating, including complete medical records, full contact information of all physicians, a complete work record and more. Having a skilled disability lawyer on your side from the beginning can help you with the entire process and increases the chances your application will be approved.We Can HelpIf you are disabled and unable to work, call  Disability Attorneys of Michigan  for a free co nfidential consultation. We’ll let you know if we can help you get a monthly check and help you determine if any money or assets you receive could impact your eligibility for disability benefits.Disability Attorneys of Michigan  works hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan seek the  Social Security Disability benefits  they need. If you are unable to work due to a physical, mental, or cognitive impairment, call  Disability Attorneys of Michigan  now for a free consultation at  800-949-2900Let Michigan’s experienced Social Security Disability law firm help you get the benefits you deserve.Disability Attorneys of Michigan, Compassionate Excellence. Detroit disability attorney, disability lawyer, Michigan Disability Attorney, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Social Security Disability

50 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics

50 Compelling Argumentative Essay Topics An argumentative essay requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. Youll need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and information as well. One of the hardest parts is deciding which topic to write about, but there are plenty of ideas available to get you started. Choosing a Great Argumentative Essay Topic Students often find that most of their work on these essays is done before they even start writing. This means that its best if you have a general interest in your subject, otherwise you might get bored or frustrated while trying to gather information. You dont need to know everything, though. Part of what makes this experience rewarding is learning something new. Tips Its best if you have a general interest in your subject, but the argument you choose doesnt have be one that you agree with. The subject you choose may not necessarily be one that you are in full agreement with, either. For example, in college, you may be asked to write a paper from the opposing point of view. Researching a different viewpoint helps students broaden their perspectives.   50 Topic Ideas for Argument Essays Sometimes, the best ideas are sparked by looking at many different options. Explore this list of possible topics and see if a few pique your interest. Write those down as you come across them, then think about each for a few minutes. Which would you enjoy researching? Do you have a firm position on a particular subject? Is there a point you would like to make sure and get across? Did the topic give you something new to think about? Can you see why someone else may feel differently? A number of these topics are rather controversial and thats the point. In an argumentative essay, opinions matter and controversy is based on opinions, which are, hopefully, backed up by facts.  If these topics are a little too controversial or you dont find the right one for you, try browsing through persuasive essay topics  as well. Is global climate change  caused by humans?Is the death penalty effective?Is our election process fair?Is torture ever acceptable?Should men get paternity leave from work?Are school uniforms beneficial?Do we have a fair tax  system?Do curfews keep teens out of trouble?Is cheating out of control?Are we too dependent on computers?Should animals be used for research?Should cigarette smoking be banned?Are cell phones dangerous?Are law enforcement cameras an invasion of privacy?Do we have a throw-away society?Is child behavior better or worse than it was years ago?Should companies market to children?Should the government have a say in our diets?Does access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy?Should members of Congress have term limits?Are actors and professional athletes paid too much?Should athletes be held to high moral standards?Are CEOs paid too much?Do violent video games cause behavior problems?Should creationism be taught in public schools?Are beauty pageants exploitative?Should English be the official language in the United States? Should the racing industry be forced to use biofuels?Should the alcohol drinking age be increased or decreased?Should everyone be required to recycle?Is it okay for prisoners to vote?Should gay couples be able to marry?Are there benefits to attending a single-sex school?Does boredom lead to trouble?Should schools be in session year-round?Does religion cause war?Should the government provide health care?Should abortion be illegal?Are girls too mean to each other?Is homework harmful or helpful?Is the cost of college too high?Is college admission too competitive?Should euthanasia be illegal?Should marijuana be legal?Do rich people need to pay more taxes?Should schools require foreign language or physical education?Is affirmative action fair or not?Is public prayer okay in schools?Are schools and teachers responsible for low test scores?Is greater gun control a good idea?

Chinas Rapid Economic Growth and Transformation Essay

Chinas Rapid Economic Growth and Transformation - Essay Example China’s rapid economic growth and transformation can be attributed centrally on the revolution from an agrarian economy to and industrialised one. This move can be analysed in various ways. Drastic changes have taken place in the economy and the manufacturing sector contributes to the larger portion of the country’s GDP. The role of the agricultural sector has increasingly decreased over the years. Additionally, the role played by the private sector has increased significantly since the economic reforms in 1978. There have been reforms to promote economic activities in the private sector such as the inclusion Protection of private property in the constitution. The sector is a dominant force in the economy and is responsible for the creation numerous job opportunities in the country and a main source of capital funding. Opportunities and Challenges for Retail Businesses in China The retail business in China is taking off at an incredible rate. In next to no time, the sales are expected to reach 1 trillion US dollars annually. In fact, China’s retail market is among the largest in the world. This is due to increasing income levels, a fast growing economy, deregulation of the retail sector and an increasing retail market. An exponential increase in the number of hyper markets, super markets, appliances, department stores and electronic stores especially in Eastern China. The main opportunity in the retail market lies in the huge customer base. China has one of the largest populations globally and this guarantees a readily available market for the retailers.Additionally, the financial sector is highly lucrative owing to the immense potential possessed by the Chinese household savings. Foreign investors are attracted by the high production capabilities and the supply of labour. China has a well developed infrastructure that holds massive potential for ret ailers to develop complex transport services. The most noteworthy development for retailers was China’s accession to the WTO in 2001. Furthermore, the country’s trade barriers and market barriers have been eliminated opening the vast domestic market (Lai, 2006:22). In spite of the booming retail market in the China market, there are several challenges facing the sector. There are various risks and challenges resulting from inflation and fluctuating economic trends in the market. In addition to, there are cultural differences between the natives and retailers from other countries. Other challenges in the market inadequate retail market information, an ambiguous legal environment and a highly unskilled labour force (Wong and Lai, 2006:58). Main Factors That Can Limit Personal Consumption in China and Can Prevent it from Driving Economic Growth in China Personal consumption can be simply described as the total amount of goods that an individual is able to purchase. It is important as it contributes to the aggregate consumption therefore is said to have an impact on overall economic growth. The most important factors affecting individual consumption is the prices of goods. When the prices of commodities are high, consumption will be limited resulting to decreased economic growth. In case where the importation taxes are high, the prices of